50^th Percentile Male

The THOR anthropometric test device is the most advanced test dummy in the world and was first used by Euro NCAP in 2020. THOR can record loading that would be applied to a human by the vehicle’s restraint system during a frontal impact collision. These measurements are then used to calculate the risk of injury. For example, the head may hit hard structures like the steering wheel, the chest will be compressed due to loading from the airbag and seatbelt, and the legs and hip joints may contact the facia. The size and shape (anthropometry) are based on the size and stature of an average adult male.

50^th Percentile Male

The Hybrid III dummy is the longest serving dummy at Euro NCAP and has been used since the first series of results were published in 1997. The Hybrid III performs a similar role to that of THOR but has limited biofidelity and fewer measurement capabilities. As with THOR, the dimensions are based on the size and stature of an average adult male and can only be used in our frontal impact tests.

5^th Percentile Female

A Hybrid III dummy is also used by Euro NCAP that represents a small female adult occupant. This dummy is very similar to the larger male version but is smaller in size and has some feminine attributes. The measurement capabilities are the same as those for the larger version, and this dummy is also used only in frontal impacts.

50^th Percentile Male

The WorldSID dummy is used specifically in tests that represent car-to-car and car-to-narrow-object side impacts. The dummy can be impacted on both sides to represent both left- and right-hand drive vehicles and can measure head, neck, chest abdomen and pelvic loads. The size and shape are based on the stature of an average adult male.

50th Percentile Male

The BioRID dummy is only used for evaluating whiplash protection in rear impact testing. It has a humanlike spine with instrumentation that can measure the loading applied from the cervical spine down to the lumbar. The size and shape are based on the stature of an average adult male.

10-year-old child

The Q10 dummy is the largest of the child dummies used by Euro NCAP and represents a ten-year-old child. This dummy is capable of recording loads in both front and side impacts. However, it does not have the same level of instrumentation as the adult dummies.

6-year-old child

The Q6 dummy is smaller than the Q10 and represents a six-year-old child. As with the larger 10-year-old, it can also be used in both front and side impacts and has similar measurement capabilities.

Small adult (3.5 kg) and adult (4.5 kg)

Euro NCAP uses two spherical headform impactors in its pedestrian test procedure, one representing an adult and a smaller one to represent a child. Headform impactors are used instead of whole-body models because they provide more reliable test data. The headforms are used to evaluate the risk of head injury for pedestrians and cyclists through impact with the bonnet surface and the windscreen and supporting structures.

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The upper legform impactor is used to evaluate the part of a vehicle where a pedestrian’s pelvis and femur would strike. It is a simplified test device which records the forces and bending moments during the impact, giving an indication of likely pelvis injury.

50th Percentile Male

The pedestrian legform impactor is used in pedestrian testing to evaluate the front bumper and grille of vehicles. The impactor represents a human leg from the top of the femur down to the ankle. It has a femur, a knee joint and a tibia just like a human being, but it does not have a foot. These components are all designed to perform in a similar way to that of a human being. The size and shape are based on that of an average adult male.

50th Percentile Male

The adult pedestrian target is specially designed to replicate a human walking in the street. The legs move (articulate) in a manner that can represent both walking and running, which is achieved by adjusting the leg speed. The dimensions (anthropometry) are based on the size and stature of an average adult male. The target also gives a realistic sensor, signature that allows it to be detected by vehicles; for example, in terms of visibility and radar reflectivity.

7-Year-Old Child

Just like the adult target, the child pedestrian target replicates a child that could be walking or running in the street. The size is based on that of an average seven-year-old child and gives a realistic sensor, signature that allows it to be detected by vehicles.

50th Percentile Male
Typical European 'Utility' Bicycle

The bicycle target is specially designed to replicate humans cycling in the street. The target can move at different speeds, and the cyclist has articulated legs that recreate the pedalling action of a human. The dimensions are based on those of an average sized male riding a typical utility bike.

50th Percentile Male
Average of most registered motorcycles

The motorcycle target is the most recent vulnerable road user to be adopted by Euro NCAP. The rider is based on an average size adult male, and the motorcycle is an average representation of the most registered motorcycles in Europe that have a cylinder capacity above 500 cc.

The global vehicle target is designed to represent, in terms of size, shape and sensor properties, a typical supermini that is driven on European roads. It is attached to a motorised platform that allows it to move at speed and make manoeuvres that are seen in everyday driving situations.